The following editors can either be used with a graphical user interface or a text user interface. Name Description Free software. Full featured terminal text editor for Unix-like systems. Free software. Edit application – a programmer's editor for Classic Mac OS; EDIT – a menu-based editor introduced to supersede EDLIN in MS-DOS. In order to create or to edit the contents of a unix (ascii) text file, you will need to use a text editing program. There are at least three types to choose from. The simplest and most ubiquitous are command-line editors, such as vi(m), pico and emacs, and those come with OS X. Like all major Linux distributions, such as Ubuntu, Red Hat, and SuSE, Mac OS X has a 'desktop environment', which provides a graphical user interface to application programs and system settings. This desktop environment is built on top of a Unix type OS just as the desktop environments of Linux distros are built on top of the core Linux OS. However, Linux distros usually offer alternative desktop environments besides the one installed by default. Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows don't give users the option to switch desktop environments, other than minor look-and-feel adjustments such as color schemes and font size. One of the differences between Linux and Mac OS X is the so-called kernel. As the name indicates, the kernel is the core of a Unix-type OS and implements functions such as process and memory management as well as file, device, and network management. When Linus Torvalds designed the Linux kernel he opted for what is referred to as a monolithic kernel for performance reasons, as opposed the microkernel, which is designed for more flexibility. Mac OS X uses a kernel design that compromises between these two architectures. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Introduction Scientific computing is typically carried out on computers equipped with the. There are many varieties, or 'flavors,' of unix, including,,, and so on, each of which has its own peculiarities in terms of file system structure and occasionally command syntax, but they all tend to be quite similar and function according to the same principles. The flavor of unix on Apple computers running Mac OS X is called, and it is closely related to BSD, from which it has evolved. Unlike, a unix emulator that can be grafted onto the operating system, Darwin is the fundamental core of the Mac OS X operating system. The whole of Mac OS X is thus a superset of unix; the Aqua graphical user interface (GUI) of OS X provides an aesthetically pleasing and functionally elegant mechanism by which the user can control the computer via the underlying unix operating system using mouse clicks in application windows rather than typing cryptic unix commands. Interface shields the naive and routine users, who are mainly concerned with running applications such as Microsoft Word, Adobe Photoshop and so on, from the complexity of the underlying unix operating system. It also provides an intuitive, elegant and simplified mechanism for carrying out complex system administrative tasks whose command-line equivalents are often obscure to all but the most seasoned unix veteran. But between these extremes lies the need for command-line access to carry out scientific (and other) computing tasks. Text Editor For Mac OsFortunately, Apple also provides easy access to the unix command line environment for users who require it. Apple's OS X operating system does not simply provide access to unix commands. OS X is unix. This is an important point, because it entails that any operation carried out in the GUI interface in OS X can, at least in principle (and almost always in practice), be carried out on the unix command line. Gui Text Editors For LinuxExcel text to columns first space only. It may be incredibly cumbersome to do so, but it is almost always possible, an important point to consider when writing shell scripts to automate routine tasks. Apple has a rather different from what one finds with canonical unix systems. This section gives an overview of the main points. Free Text Editors For MacApple's native windowing system is not X11. Fortunately, on OS X, so you can have the best of both worlds. • page The OS X includes an application, Terminal.app, that provides unfettered command-line access to the entire unix underpinnings of the operating system. The Terminal application (the.app suffix on all applications is hidden from view in the GUI) may be found in the directory /Applications/Utilities.
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